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<title>Progressivism</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Progressivism</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Progressivism_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Progressivism (disambiguation)">Progressivism (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #fe33dd; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Political_colour#Purple" title="Political colour"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="50501_movement" title="50501 movement">50501 movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">Conservation movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethical_movement" title="Ethical movement">Ethical movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">Environmental movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Indivisible_movement" title="Indivisible movement">Indivisible movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour</a></li>

<li><a href="LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">LGBTQ movements</a></li>

<li><a href="MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo</a></li>

<li><a href="Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li>

<li><a href="Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">Reform</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_hygiene_movement" title="Social hygiene movement">Social hygiene</a></li>

<li>"<a href="The_Resistance_(American_political_movement)" title="The Resistance (American political movement)">The Resistance</a>"</li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence</a></li>

<li><a href="YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Broad_measures_of_economic_progress" title="Broad measures of economic progress">Broad measures of economic progress</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li>

<li><a href="Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li>

<li><a href="Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li>

<li><a href="Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">Minority rights</a>

<ul><li><a href="LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">LGBTQ rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a>

<li><a href="Moral_universalism" title="Moral universalism">Moral universalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a>

<ul><li><a href="Philosophy_of_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of progress">Philosophy of progress</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive education</a>

<ul><li><a href="Inclusive_education_in_Latin_America#Educational_progressivism" title="Inclusive education in Latin America">In Latin America</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Progressive_stack" title="Progressive stack">Progressive stack</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Progressive nationalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive taxation</a></li>

<li><a href="Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious liberalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Reparations_for_slavery" title="Reparations for slavery">Reparations for slavery</a>

<li><a href="Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">Scientific management</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific progress">Scientific progress</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_change" title="Social change">Social change</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_constructivism" title="Social constructivism">Social constructivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a>

<ul><li><a href="Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Social_organization" title="Social organization">Social organization</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">Social progress</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_Social_Progress_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Social Progress Index">List of countries</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Solidarity_Unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity Unionism">Solidarity unionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategic_essentialism" title="Strategic essentialism">Strategic essentialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li>

<li><a href="Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li>

<li><a href="Women's_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li>

<li><a href="Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Youth_rights" title="Youth rights">Youth rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Christian</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_Confucianism" title="Progressive Confucianism">Confucian</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Conservative</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Islamic</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_neoliberalism" title="Progressive neoliberalism">Neoliberal</a></li>

<li><a href="Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Ecevitism" title="Ecevitism">Ecevitism</a></li>

<li><a href="Kirchnerism" title="Kirchnerism">Kirchnerism</a></li>

<li><a href="Lulism" title="Lulism">Lulism</a></li>

<li><a href="Roosevelt_Republican" title="Roosevelt Republican">Roosevelt Republican</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Abbott (Edith)</a></li>

<li><a href="Grace_Abbott" title="Grace Abbott">Abbott (Grace)</a></li>

<li><a href="Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li>

<li><a href="Billie_Joe_Armstrong" title="Billie Joe Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li>

<li><a href="Imran_Ahmed_(strategist)" title="Imran Ahmed (strategist)">Ahmed</a></li>

<li><a href="Ajamu_X" title="Ajamu X">Ajamu X</a></li>

<li><a href="Michelle_Alexander" title="Michelle Alexander">Alexander</a></li>

<li><a href="Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Alinsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Deborah_Archer" title="Deborah Archer">Archer</a></li>

<li><a href="Alva_Belmont" title="Alva Belmont">Belmont</a></li>

<li><a href="Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li>

<li><a href="Sophonisba_Breckinridge" title="Sophonisba Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Jane_Campbell%2C_Baroness_Campbell_of_Surbiton" title="Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton">Cambell</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Cloward" title="Richard Cloward">Cloward</a></li>

<li><a href="Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Gilman</a></li>

<li><a href="Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Hammer</a></li>

<li><a href="Kathleen_Hanna" title="Kathleen Hanna">Hanna</a></li>

<li><a href="Tirana_Hassan" title="Tirana Hassan">Hassan</a></li>

<li><a href="Judith_Heumann" title="Judith Heumann">Heumann</a></li>

<li><a href="Margaret_Huang" title="Margaret Huang">Huang</a></li>

<li><a href="Esther_Cooper_Jackson" title="Esther Cooper Jackson">Jackson (Esther)</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">Jackson (George)</a></li>

<li><a href="Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson (Jesse)</a></li>

<li><a href="Anetta_Kahane" title="Anetta Kahane">Kahane</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">King (Shaun)</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">Lennon</a></li>

<li><a href="Maurice_Ludmer" title="Maurice Ludmer">Ludmer</a></li>

<li><a href="Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li>

<li><a href="Tim_McIlrath" title="Tim McIlrath">McIlrath</a></li>

<li><a href="DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">Mckesson</a></li>

<li><a href="Justin_J._Pearson" title="Justin J. Pearson">Pearson</a></li>

<li><a href="Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Eleanor)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gabriel_Rothblatt" title="Gabriel Rothblatt">Rothblatt</a></li>

<li><a href="Herbert_J._Seligmann" title="Herbert J. Seligmann">Seligmann</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruth_Smeeth" title="Ruth Smeeth">Smeeth</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexander_Soros" title="Alexander Soros">Soros (Alexander)</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Soros" title="George Soros">Soros (George)</a></li>

<li><a href="Harsha_Walia" title="Harsha Walia">Walia</a></li>

<li><a href="Edith_Windsor" title="Edith Windsor">Windsor</a></li>

<li><a href="Alice_Wong_(activist)" title="Alice Wong (activist)">Wong (Alice)</a></li>

<li><a href="Joshua_Wong" title="Joshua Wong">Wong (Joshua)</a></li>

<li><a href="Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">Bedborough</a></li>

<li><a href="Hbomberguy" title="Hbomberguy">Brewis</a></li>

<li><a href="Brian_Tyler_Cohen" title="Brian Tyler Cohen">Cohen</a></li>

<li><a href="Adam_Conover" title="Adam Conover">Conover</a></li>

<li><a href="Caroline_Criado_Perez" title="Caroline Criado Perez">Criado Perez</a></li>

<li><a href="Ian_Danskin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Danskin">Danskin</a></li>

<li><a href="Martin_Duberman" title="Martin Duberman">Duberman</a></li>

<li><a href="Lindsay_Ellis" title="Lindsay Ellis">Ellis</a></li>

<li><a href="Lauren_Faust" title="Lauren Faust">Faust</a></li>

<li><a href="Jon_Favreau_(speechwriter)" title="Jon Favreau (speechwriter)">Favreau</a></li>

<li><a href="Francesca_Fiorentini" title="Francesca Fiorentini">Fiorentini</a></li>

<li><a href="Eddie_Glaude" title="Eddie Glaude">Glaude</a></li>

<li><a href="Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Thom_Hartmann" title="Thom Hartmann">Hartmann</a></li>

<li><a href="Mehdi_Hasan" title="Mehdi Hasan">Hasan</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_Jennings" title="Jazz Jennings">Jennings</a></li>

<li><a href="Ken_Klippenstein" title="Ken Klippenstein">Klippenstein</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaush" title="Vaush">Kochinski</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li>

<li><a href="Kyle_Kulinski" title="Kyle Kulinski">Kulinski</a></li>

<li><a href="Jon_Lovett" title="Jon Lovett">Lovett</a></li>

<li><a href="Josh_Marshall" title="Josh Marshall">Marshall</a></li>

<li><a href="Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">McKay</a></li>

<li><a href="Stephanie_Miller" title="Stephanie Miller">Miller (Stephanie)</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li>

<li><a href="Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Morgan</a></li>

<li><a href="Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Nagle</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">Pakman</a></li>

<li><a href="Daniel_Pfeiffer" title="Daniel Pfeiffer">Pfeiffer</a></li>

<li><a href="Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li>

<li><a href="Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Rather</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Reich (Robert)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sam_Seder" title="Sam Seder">Seder</a></li>

<li><a href="Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Sharpton</a></li>

<li><a href="Ben_Smith_(journalist)" title="Ben Smith (journalist)">Smith</a></li>

<li><a href="Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Stewart</a></li>

<li><a href="Abigail_Thorn" title="Abigail Thorn">Thorn</a></li>

<li><a href="Tommy_Vietor" title="Tommy Vietor">Vietor</a></li>

<li><a href="Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a></li>

<li><a href="Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Zuckerberg</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li>

<li><a href="Anita_L._Allen" title="Anita L. Allen">Allen</a></li>

<li><a href="Carol_Anderson" title="Carol Anderson">Anderson</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Benedict</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruha_Benjamin" title="Ruha Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li>

<li><a href="Liat_Ben-Moshe" title="Liat Ben-Moshe">Ben-Moshe</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">Beveridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Edwin_Black" title="Edwin Black">Black</a></li>

<li><a href="Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Blackwell</a></li>

<li><a href="Kate_Bornstein" title="Kate Bornstein">Bornstein</a></li>

<li><a href="Adolf_Brand" title="Adolf Brand">Brand</a></li>

<li><a href="Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li>

<li><a href="Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li>

<li><a href="Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">de Condorcet</a></li>

<li><a href="Drucilla_Cornell" title="Drucilla Cornell">Cornell</a></li>

<li><a href="Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li>

<li><a href="Robin_DiAngelo" title="Robin DiAngelo">DiAngelo</a></li>

<li><a href="Kelly_Brown_Douglas" title="Kelly Brown Douglas">Douglas (Kelly)</a></li>

<li><a href="William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas (William)</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Dyson</a></li>

<li><a href="Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Ellis</a></li>

<li><a href="George_M._Fredrickson" title="George M. Fredrickson">Fredrickson</a></li>

<li><a href="Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li>

<li><a href="Evelynn_M._Hammonds" title="Evelynn M. Hammonds">Hammonds</a></li>

<li><a href="Janet_E._Helms" title="Janet E. Helms">Helms</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Hirschfeld</a></li>

<li><a href="Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks</a></li>

<li><a href="Leonard_Jeffries" title="Leonard Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li>

<li><a href="Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li>

<li><a href="Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li>

<li><a href="Ibram_X._Kendi" title="Ibram X. Kendi">Kendi</a></li>

<li><a href="Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Merriam</a></li>

<li><a href="Robin_Meyers" title="Robin Meyers">Meyers</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_W._Mills" title="Charles W. Mills">Mills</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Money" title="John Money">Money</a></li>

<li><a href="J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">Moore</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Oastler#Political_philosophy" title="Richard Oastler">Oastler</a></li>

<li><a href="Marius_Ostrowski" title="Marius Ostrowski">Ostrowski</a></li>

<li><a href="Nell_Irvin_Painter" title="Nell Irvin Painter">Painter</a></li>

<li><a href="Orlando_Patterson" title="Orlando Patterson">Patterson</a></li>

<li><a href="Nurit_Peled-Elhanan" title="Nurit Peled-Elhanan">Peled-Elhanan</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li>

<li><a href="Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Reich (Wilhelm)</a></li>

<li><a href="Dorothy_Roberts" title="Dorothy Roberts">Roberts</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Rothstein" title="Richard Rothstein">Rothstein</a></li>

<li><a href="Angela_Saini" title="Angela Saini">Saini</a></li>

<li><a href="Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Sanger</a></li>

<li><a href="Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Seuss</a></li>

<li><a href="Jason_Stanley" title="Jason Stanley">Stanley</a></li>

<li><a href="Abby_Stein" title="Abby Stein">Stein</a></li>

<li><a href="Kim_TallBear" title="Kim TallBear">TallBear</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Wachowskis" title="The Wachowskis">Wachowskis</a> (Lana/Lilly)</li>

<li><a href="H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li>

<li><a href="Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Welsing</a></li>

<li><a href="Joss_Whedon" title="Joss Whedon">Whedon</a></li>

<li><a href="Frank_B._Wilderson_III" title="Frank B. Wilderson III">Wilderson III</a></li>

<li><a href="Shoshana_Zuboff" title="Shoshana Zuboff">Zuboff</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li>

<li><a href="Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li>

<li><a href="Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li>

<li><a href="Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li>

<li><a href="Greg_Casar" title="Greg Casar">Casar</a></li>

<li><a href="Jasmine_Crockett" title="Jasmine Crockett">Crockett</a></li>

<li><a href="Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">da Silva</a></li>

<li><a href="Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li>

<li><a href="Maxwell_Frost" title="Maxwell Frost">Frost</a></li>

<li><a href="Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a></li>

<li><a href="Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Harris</a></li>

<li><a href="Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li>

<li><a href="St%C3%A9phane_Hessel" title="Stéphane Hessel">Hessel</a></li>

<li><a href="Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Hunter</a></li>

<li><a href="Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson</a></li>

<li><a href="Pramila_Jayapal" title="Pramila Jayapal">Jayapal</a></li>

<li><a href="Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li>

<li><a href="John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy (John F.)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy (Ted)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Khanna</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li>

<li><a href="Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li>

<li><a href="Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li>

<li><a href="Barbara_Lee" title="Barbara Lee">Lee (Barbara)</a></li>

<li><a href="Summer_Lee" title="Summer Lee">Lee (Summer)</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">Lewis</a></li>

<li><a href="Zohran_Mamdani" title="Zohran Mamdani">Mamdani</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_Manley" title="Michael Manley">Manley</a></li>

<li><a href="Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li>

<li><a href="George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Merkley</a></li>

<li><a href="Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></li>

<li><a href="Tomiichi_Murayama" title="Tomiichi Murayama">Murayama</a></li>

<li><a href="Emily_Murphy" title="Emily Murphy">Murphy (Emily)</a></li>

<li><a href="Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">Murphy (Chris)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Nader</a></li>

<li><a href="Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li>

<li><a href="George_W._Norris" title="George W. Norris">Norris</a></li>

<li><a href="Eleanor_Holmes_Norton" title="Eleanor Holmes Norton">Norton</a></li>

<li><a href="Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Obrador</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li>

<li><a href="Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li>

<li><a href="Mark_Pocan" title="Mark Pocan">Pocan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li>

<li><a href="Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Raskin</a></li>

<li><a href="Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Franklin)</a></li>

<li><a href="Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Theodore)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li>

<li><a href="Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li>

<li><a href="Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li>

<li><a href="Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li>

<li><a href="Nina_Turner" title="Nina Turner">Turner</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li>

<li><a href="Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li>

<li><a href="James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">Weaver</a></li>

<li><a href="Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson (Harold)</a></li>

<li><a href="Tar%C5%8D_Yamamoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarō Yamamoto">Yamamoto</a></li>

<li><a href="Grigory_Yavlinsky" title="Grigory Yavlinsky">Yavlinsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">Zapatero</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><i><a href="Looking_Backward" title="Looking Backward">Looking Backward</a></i> (1888)</li>

<li><i><a href="Equality_(novel)" title="Equality (novel)">Equality</a></i> (1897)</li>

<li><i><a href="Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a></i> (1899)</li>

<li><i><a href="Man_and_Superman" title="Man and Superman">Man and Superman</a></i> (1903)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a></i> (1906)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Open_Conspiracy" title="The Open Conspiracy">The Open Conspiracy</a></i> (1928)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Mass_Psychology_of_Fascism" title="The Mass Psychology of Fascism">The Mass Psychology of Fascism</a></i> (1933)</li>

<li><i><a href="Die_Sexualit%C3%A4t_im_Kulturkampf" title="Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf">Sexuality in the Cultural Struggle</a></i> (1936)</li>

<li><i><a href="Beveridge_Report" title="Beveridge Report">Beveridge Report</a></i> (1942)</li>

<li><i><a href="Rules_for_Radicals" title="Rules for Radicals">Rules for Radicals</a></i> (1971)</li>

<li><i><a href="Humanist_Manifesto_II" title="Humanist Manifesto II">Humanist Manifesto II</a></i> (1973)</li>

<li><i><a href="Woman_Hating" title="Woman Hating">Woman Hating</a></i> (1974)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Handmaid's_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">The Handmaid's Tale</a></i> (1985)</li>

<li><i><a href="Black_Athena" title="Black Athena">Black Athena</a></i> (1987–2006)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Racial_Contract" title="The Racial Contract">The Racial Contract</a></i> (1997)</li>

<li><i><a href="War_Against_the_Weak" title="War Against the Weak">War Against the Weak</a></i> (2003)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a></i> (2006)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People" title="The Invention of the Jewish People">The Invention of the Jewish People</a></i> (2008)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Speech_(Sanders_book)" title="The Speech (Sanders book)">The Speech</a></i> (2011)</li>

<li><i><a href="Our_Revolution_(Sanders_book)" title="Our Revolution (Sanders book)">Our Revolution</a></i> (2016)</li>

<li><i><a href="White_Rage" title="White Rage">White Rage</a></i> (2016)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Color_of_Law" title="The Color of Law">The Color of Law</a></i> (2017)</li>

<li><i><a href="Inferior_(book)" title="Inferior (book)">Inferior</a></i> (2017)</li>

<li><i><a href="Donna_Zuckerberg#Not_All_Dead_White_Men" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Not All Dead White Men</a></i> (2018)</li>

<li><i><a href="White_Fragility" title="White Fragility">White Fragility</a></i> (2018)</li>

<li><i><a href="Invisible_Women%3A_Exposing_Data_Bias_in_a_World_Designed_for_Men" title="Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men">Invisible Women</a></i> (2019)</li>

<li><i><a href="How_to_Be_an_Antiracist" title="How to Be an Antiracist">How to Be an Antiracist</a></i> (2019)</li>

<li><i><a href="Race_After_Technology" title="Race After Technology">Race After Technology</a></i> (2019)</li>

<li><i><a href="Superior%3A_The_Return_of_Race_Science" title="Superior: The Return of Race Science">Superior</a></i> (2019)</li>

<li><i><a href="Nice_Racism" title="Nice Racism">Nice Racism</a></i> (2021)</li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Amadeu_Antonio_Foundation" title="Amadeu Antonio Foundation">Amadeu Antonio Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">BLMGNF</a></li>

<li><a href="Brennan_Center_for_Justice" title="Brennan Center for Justice">Brennan Center for Justice</a></li>

<li><a href="Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color of Change</a></li>

<li><a href="Democracy_Alliance" title="Democracy Alliance">Democracy Alliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Ella_Baker_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Ella Baker Center for Human Rights">Ella Baker Center for Human Rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Equality and Human Rights Commission">Equality and Human Rights Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a>

<ul><li>"<a href="Coefficients_(dining_club)" title="Coefficients (dining club)">Coefficients</a>"</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Committee_Against_Racism" title="International Committee Against Racism">InCAR</a></li>

<li><a href="MacArthur_Foundation" title="MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li>

<li><a href="No_one_is_illegal" title="No one is illegal">No one is illegal</a></li>

<li><a href="Our_Revolution" title="Our Revolution">Our Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">Progressive International</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_League" title="Progressive League">Progressive League</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_Majority" title="Progressive Majority">Progressive Majority</a></li>

<li><a href="ProgressNow" title="ProgressNow">ProgressNow</a></li>

<li><a href="Red_Flare" title="Red Flare">Red Flare</a></li>

<li><a href="Tides_Foundation" title="Tides Foundation">Tides Foundation</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<li><i><a href="HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Jezebel_(website)" title="Jezebel (website)">Jezebel</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Lucifer_the_Lightbearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucifer the Lightbearer">Lucifer</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></i></li>

<li><a href="MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Progressive" title="The Progressive">The Progressive</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Searchlight_(magazine)" title="Searchlight (magazine)">Searchlight</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks">The Young Turks</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Rational_Wiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational Wiki">Rational Wiki</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Progressive_political_parties_(Japan)" title="Progressive political parties (Japan)">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Progressivism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressivism_in_Taiwan" title="Progressivism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #fe33dd; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li>

<li><a href="Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li>

<li><a href="Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Red%E2%80%93green_alliance" title="Red–green alliance">Red–green alliance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">In United States</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Progress_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress Studies">Progress Studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li>

<li><a href="Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western Marxism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<p><b>Progressivism</b> is a <a href="Left-right_political_spectrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-right political spectrum">left-leaning</a> <a href="Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophy</a> and <a href="Reformism" title="Reformism">reform</a> <a href="Political_movement" title="Political movement">movement</a> that seeks to advance the <a href="Human_condition" title="Human condition">human condition</a> through <a href="Social_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Social reform">social reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adherents hold that progressivism has universal application and endeavor to spread this idea to human societies everywhere. Progressivism arose during the <a href="Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> out of the belief that <a href="Civility" title="Civility">civility</a> in Europe was improving due to the application of new <a href="Empirical_evidence" title="Empirical evidence">empirical knowledge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harold_Mah_1914._p157_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harold_Mah_1914._p157-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In modern political discourse, progressivism is often associated with <a href="Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">social liberalism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a left-leaning type of liberalism, and <a href="Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within <a href="Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">economic progressivism</a>, there is some ideological variety on the social liberal to social democrat continuum, as well as occasionally some variance on cultural issues; examples of this include some <a href="Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democrat</a> and conservative-leaning <a href="Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">communitarian</a> movements.<sup id="cite_ref-catholicnewsagency_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catholicnewsagency-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While many ideologies can fall under the banner of progressivism, both the current and historical movement are characterized by a critique of unregulated capitalism, desiring a more active <a href="Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> government to take a role in safeguarding <a href="Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>, bringing about <a href="Cultural_evolution" title="Cultural evolution">cultural development</a>, and being a <a href="Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">check-and-balance</a> on corporate <a href="Monopolies" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopolies">monopolies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_the_Enlightenment_to_the_Industrial_Revolution">From the Enlightenment to the Industrial Revolution</h3></div>

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</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="nochecker bordered-images whitebg gallery mw-gallery-traditional">

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, German philosopher</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a>, English philosopher</div>

</li>

</ul></div></div></div>

<p><a href="Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> identified progress as being a movement away from <a href="Barbarian" title="Barbarian">barbarism</a> toward <a href="Civilization" title="Civilization">civilization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 18th-century philosopher and political scientist <a href="Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Marquis de Condorcet</a> predicted that political progress would involve the disappearance of <a href="Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, the rise of <a href="Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a>, the lessening of <a href="Sex_inequality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex inequality">sex inequality</a>, <a href="Prison_reform" title="Prison reform">reform of prisons</a>, which at the time were harsh, and the decline of poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:22.0em; border:4px double #ffeb00; color: var( --color-base, inherit );"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Political_colour#Yellow" title="Political colour"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #ffeb00; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical</a></li>

<li><a href="Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative</a></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">Green</a></li>

<li><a href="Muscular_liberalism" title="Muscular liberalism">Muscular</a></li>

<li><a href="National_liberalism" title="National liberalism">National</a></li>

<li><a href="Neoclassical_liberalism" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Neoclassical</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Radical</a></li>

<li><a href="Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious</a>

<ul><li><a href="Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">Christian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Liberal_Catholicism" title="Liberal Catholicism">Catholic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Islamic</a></li>

<li><a href="Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Secular_liberalism" title="Secular liberalism">Secular</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social</a>

<ul><li><a href="Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Technoliberalism" title="Technoliberalism">Techno</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #ffeb00; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a></li>

<li><a href="Due_process" title="Due process">Due process</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Democracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_globalization" title="Economic globalization">Economic globalization</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_equality" title="Social equality">Equality</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">Legal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Freedom" title="Freedom">Freedom</a>

<ul><li><a href="Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Free_market" title="Free market">Market</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_trade" title="Free trade">Trade</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Press</a></li>

<li><a href="Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Speech</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Harm_principle" title="Harm principle">Harm principle</a></li>

<li><a href="Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Invisible_hand" title="Invisible hand">Invisible hand</a></li>

<li><a href="Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a>

<ul><li><a href="Negative_liberty" title="Negative liberty">Negative</a></li>

<li><a href="Positive_liberty" title="Positive liberty">Positive</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li>

<li><a href="Market_economy" title="Market economy">Market economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_monopoly" title="Natural monopoly">Natural monopoly</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_society" title="Open society">Open society</a></li>

<li><a href="Permissive_society" title="Permissive society">Permissive society</a></li>

<li><a href="Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">Popular sovereignty</a></li>

<li><a href="Property" title="Property">Property</a>

<ul><li><a href="Private_property" title="Private property">Private</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_property" title="Public property">Public</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a>

<ul><li><a href="Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">Civil and political</a></li>

<li><a href="Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">Minority</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural and legal</a></li>

<li><a href="Right_to_property" title="Right to property">To own property</a></li>

<li><a href="Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li>

<li><a href="Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li>

<li><a href="Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_contract" title="Social contract">Social contract</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a>

<ul><li><a href="Social_services" title="Social services">Social services</a></li>

<li><a href="Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Whig_history" title="Whig history">Whig history</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #ffeb00; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="History_of_liberalism" title="History of liberalism">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li>

<li><a href="Atlantic_Revolutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Revolutions">Atlantic Revolutions</a></li>

<li><a href="American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Vorm%C3%A4rz" title="Vormärz">Vormärz</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li>

<li><a href="Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li>

<li><a href="Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #ffeb00; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="List_of_liberal_theorists" title="List of liberal theorists">Intellectuals</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li>

<li><a href="Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a></li>

<li><a href="Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li>

<li><a href="Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li>

<li><a href="Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li>

<li><a href="Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li>

<li><a href="Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Turgot</a></li>

<li><a href="Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Priestley</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li>

<li><a href="Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li>

<li><a href="Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li>

<li><a href="Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Korais</a></li>

<li><a href="Olympe_De_Gouges" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympe De Gouges">De Gouges</a></li>

<li><a href="Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a></li>

<li><a href="Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a></li>

<li><a href="Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li>

<li><a href="Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Humboldt</a></li>

<li><a href="Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">Ricardo</a></li>

<li><a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">Guizot</a></li>

<li><a href="F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Lamennais</a></li>

<li><a href="Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li>

<li><a href="Harriet_Martineau" title="Harriet Martineau">Martineau</a></li>

<li><a href="Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li>

<li><a href="Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li>

<li><a href="Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Arnold</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Dalberg-Acton%2C_1st_Baron_Acton" title="John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton">Acton</a></li>

<li><a href="Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li>

<li><a href="Leonard_Hobhouse" title="Leonard Hobhouse">Hobhouse</a></li>

<li><a href="Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce</a></li>

<li><a href="Ernst_Cassirer" title="Ernst Cassirer">Cassirer</a></li>

<li><a href="Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a></li>

<li><a href="R._G._Collingwood" title="R. G. Collingwood">Collingwood</a></li>

<li><a href="Karel_%C4%8Capek" title="Karel Čapek">Čapek</a></li>

<li><a href="Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li>

<li><a href="Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a></li>

<li><a href="Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li>

<li><a href="Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li>

<li><a href="Will_Kymlicka" title="Will Kymlicka">Kymlicka</a></li>

<li><a href="Raif_Badawi" title="Raif Badawi">Badawi</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #ffeb00; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li>

<li><a href="Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj" title="Hugo Kołłątaj">Kołłątaj</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Gervasio_Artigas" title="José Gervasio Artigas">Artigas</a></li>

<li><a href="Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Bolívar</a></li>

<li><a href="Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">Broglie</a></li>

<li><a href="Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Lamartine</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Macaulay</a></li>

<li><a href="Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Kossuth</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Cobden" title="Richard Cobden">Cobden</a></li>

<li><a href="Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li>

<li><a href="Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Juárez</a></li>

<li><a href="Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li>

<li><a href="Camillo_Benso%2C_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Cavour</a></li>

<li><a href="Domingo_Faustino_Sarmiento" title="Domingo Faustino Sarmiento">Sarmiento</a></li>

<li><a href="Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Mommsen</a></li>

<li><a href="Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Naoroji</a></li>

<li><a href="Itagaki_Taisuke" title="Itagaki Taisuke">Itagaki</a></li>

<li><a href="Vasil_Levski" title="Vasil Levski">Levski</a></li>

<li><a href="Nam%C4%B1k_Kemal" title="Namık Kemal">Kemal</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Deakin</a></li>

<li><a href="Pavel_Milyukov" title="Pavel Milyukov">Milyukov</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li>

<li><a href="Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Venizelos</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg">Ståhlberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gokhale</a></li>

<li><a href="Walther_Rathenau" title="Walther Rathenau">Rathenau</a></li>

<li><a href="Francisco_I._Madero" title="Francisco I. Madero">Madero</a></li>

<li><a href="Luigi_Einaudi" title="Luigi Einaudi">Einaudi</a></li>

<li><a href="Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li>

<li><a href="Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a></li>

<li><a href="Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Ohlin</a></li>

<li><a href="John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li>

<li><a href="Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li>

<li><a href="Leszek_Balcerowicz" title="Leszek Balcerowicz">Balcerowicz</a></li>

<li><a href="Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Verhofstadt</a></li>

<li><a href="Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a></li>

<li><a href="Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #ffeb00; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt">

<ul><li><a href="Africa_Liberal_Network" title="Africa Liberal Network">Africa Liberal Network</a></li>

<li><a href="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a></li>

<li><a href="Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a></li>

<li><a href="Arab_Liberal_Federation" title="Arab Liberal Federation">Arab Liberal Federation</a></li>

<li><a href="Council_of_Asian_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats">Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Democratic_Party" title="European Democratic Party">European Democratic Party</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Liberal_Youth" title="European Liberal Youth">European Liberal Youth</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Alliance_of_Libertarian_Parties" title="International Alliance of Libertarian Parties">International Alliance of Libertarian Parties</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Federation_of_Liberal_Youth" title="International Federation of Liberal Youth">International Federation of Liberal Youth</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_Network_for_Latin_America" title="Liberal Network for Latin America">Liberal Network for Latin America</a></li>

<li>Liberal parties</li>

<li><a href="Liberal_South_East_European_Network" title="Liberal South East European Network">Liberal South East European Network</a></li>

<li><a href="Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #ffeb00; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Liberal_parties_by_country" title="Liberal parties by country">Regional variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Liberalism_in_Europe" title="Liberalism in Europe">Europe</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America" title="Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America">Latin America</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Albania" title="Liberalism in Albania">Albania</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Armenia" title="Liberalism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Australia" title="Liberalism in Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Austria" title="Liberalism in Austria">Austria</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Bangladesh" title="Liberalism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Belgium" title="Liberalism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Bolivia" title="Liberalism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Brazil" title="Liberalism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Bulgaria" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Canada" title="Liberalism in Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Chile" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Chile">Chile</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_China" title="Liberalism in China">China</a>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Colombia" title="Liberalism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Liberalism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Croatia" title="Liberalism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Cyprus" title="Liberalism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Liberalism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Denmark" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Ecuador" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Egypt" title="Liberalism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_centrism_in_Estonia" title="Liberalism and centrism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_centrism_in_Finland" title="Liberalism and centrism in Finland">Finland</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_France" title="Liberalism and radicalism in France">France</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Georgia" title="Liberalism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Germany" title="Liberalism in Germany">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Greece" title="Liberalism in Greece">Greece</a>

<ul><li><a href="Venizelism" title="Venizelism">Venizelism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Honduras" title="Liberalism in Honduras">Honduras</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_India" title="Liberalism in India">India</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Israel" title="Liberalism in Israel">Israel</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Italy" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Italy">Italy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Liberism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberism">Liberism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Japan" title="Liberalism in Japan">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Latvia" title="Liberalism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Lithuania" title="Liberalism in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Luxembourg" title="Liberalism in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Mexico" title="Liberalism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Moldova" title="Liberalism in Moldova">Moldova</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Montenegro" title="Liberalism in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Liberalism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>

<li><a href="Historic_liberalism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic liberalism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Nicaragua" title="Liberalism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Nigeria" title="Liberalism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Liberalism in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Norway" title="Liberalism in Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Panama" title="Liberalism in Panama">Panama</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Paraguay" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_the_Philippines" title="Liberalism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Poland" title="Liberalism in Poland">Poland</a>

<ul><li><a href="Krak%C3%B3w_School_of_Economics" title="Kraków School of Economics">Cracovian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Portugal" title="Liberalism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Romania" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Romania">Romania</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Russia" title="Liberalism in Russia">Russia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Senegal" title="Liberalism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Serbia" title="Liberalism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Slovakia" title="Liberalism in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Slovenia" title="Liberalism in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_South_Africa" title="Liberalism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_South_Korea" title="Liberalism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Spain" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Spain">Spain</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_centrism_in_Sweden" title="Liberalism and centrism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressivism_in_Taiwan" title="Progressivism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Tunisia" title="Liberalism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Turkey" title="Liberalism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Ukraine" title="Liberalism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Liberalism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cobdenism" title="Cobdenism">Cobdenism</a></li>

<li><a href="Gladstonian_liberalism" title="Gladstonian liberalism">Gladstonian</a></li>

<li><a href="Manchester_Liberalism" title="Manchester Liberalism">Manchester</a></li>

<li><a href="Whiggism" title="Whiggism">Whiggism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">United States</a>

<ul><li><a href="Neoclassical_liberalism" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Arizona School</a></li>

<li><a href="Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Classical</a>

<ul><li><a href="Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Uruguay" title="Liberalism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_Party_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party (Venezuela)">Venezuela</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_in_Zimbabwe" title="Liberalism in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #ffeb00; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Abortion_debate" title="Abortion debate">Abortion debate</a>

<ul><li><a href="Abortion-rights_movement" title="Abortion-rights movement">Pro-Choice</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_views_of_American_academics" title="Political views of American academics">Bias in American academia</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_bias" title="Media bias">Bias in the media</a></li>

<li><a href="Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Radical_centrism" title="Radical centrism">Radical centrism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li>

<li><a href="Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li>

<li><a href="Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Individualist_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Individualist Anarchism">Anarchist</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">Land value tax</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_autocracy" title="Liberal autocracy">Liberal autocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">Feminist</a>

<ul><li><a href="Equity_feminism" title="Equity feminism">Equity</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_internationalism" title="Liberal internationalism">Internationalist</a></li>

<li><a href="Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a>

<li><a href="Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sexually liberal feminism</a></li>

<li><a href="Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a></li></ul>

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</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #ffeb00; border-bottom:1px solid #ffeb00; font-weight:bold">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ALiberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism portal</a></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3APolitics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><a href="Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a> or modernisation was a key form of the idea of progress as promoted by <a href="Classical_liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical liberals">classical liberals</a> in the 19th and 20th centuries, who called for the rapid modernisation of the economy and society to remove the traditional hindrances to <a href="Free_market" title="Free market">free markets</a> and the <a href="Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">free movements</a> of people.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the late 19th century, a political view rose in popularity in the <a href="Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a> that progress was being stifled by vast <a href="Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> between the rich and the poor, minimally regulated <i><a href="Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a></i> capitalism with out-of-control monopolistic <a href="Corporation" title="Corporation">corporations</a>, intense and often violent conflict between capitalists and workers, with a need for measures to address these problems.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Progressivism has influenced various political movements. <a href="Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a> was influenced by British <a href="Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> philosopher <a href="John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a>'s conception of people being "progressive beings."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British Prime Minister <a href="Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a> developed <a href="Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">progressive conservatism</a> under <a href="One-nation_conservatism" title="One-nation conservatism">one-nation</a> <a href="Toryism" class="mw-redirect" title="Toryism">Toryism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In France, the space between <a href="Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">social revolution</a> and the <a href="Socially_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Socially conservative">socially conservative</a> <i>laissez-faire</i> <a href="Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a> was filled with the emergence of <a href="Radicalism_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">radicalism</a> which thought that <a href="Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">social progress</a> required <a href="Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">anti-clericalism</a>, <a href="Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a>, and <a href="Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicanism</a>. Especially anti-clericalism was the dominant influence on the <a href="Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">centre-left</a> in many French- and Romance-speaking countries until the mid-20th century. In <a href="Imperial_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Germany">Imperial Germany</a>, Chancellor <a href="Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> enacted various progressive <a href="Social_welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare">social welfare</a> measures out of <a href="Paternalistic_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Paternalistic conservative">paternalistic conservative</a> motivations to distance workers from the <a href="Socialist_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist movement">socialist movement</a> of the time and as humane ways to assist in maintaining the <a href="Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1891, the <a href="Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> encyclical <i><a href="Rerum_novarum" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></i> issued by <a href="Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> condemned the <a href="Exploitation_of_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Exploitation of labor">exploitation of labor</a> and urged support for <a href="Labor_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor unions">labor unions</a> and <a href="Government_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Government regulation">government regulation</a> of businesses in the interests of <a href="Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> while upholding the <a href="Property_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Property right">property right</a> and criticising socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A progressive <a href="Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> outlook called the <a href="Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a> emerged in North America that focused on challenging economic exploitation and poverty and, by the mid-1890s, was common in many Protestant theological seminaries in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Early 20th-century progressivism included support for American engagement in <a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and the creation of and participation in the <a href="League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Compulsory_sterilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Compulsory sterilisation">compulsory sterilisation</a> in Scandinavia,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a> in Great Britain,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Progressives believed that <a href="Progress" title="Progress">progress</a> was stifled by <a href="Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a>, inadequately regulated <a href="Monopolistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopolistic">monopolistic</a> corporations, and conflict between workers and elites, arguing that corrective measures were needed.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_political_conception_of_the_philosophy">Contemporary political conception of the philosophy</h3></div>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, 26th <a href="President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, 28th <a href="President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a></div>

</li>

</ul></div></div></div>

<p>In the United States, progressivism began as an intellectual rebellion against the political philosophy of <a href="Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as expressed by <a href="John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> and the <a href="Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the American Republic</a>, whereby the authority of government depends on observing limitations on its just powers.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What began as a <a href="Social_movement" title="Social movement">social movement</a> in the 1890s grew into a popular <a href="Political_movement" title="Political movement">political movement</a> referred to as the <a href="Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a>; in the <a href="1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912 United States presidential election</a>, all three U.S. presidential candidates claimed to be progressives. While the term <i>progressivism</i> represents a range of diverse <a href="Political_pressure_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Political pressure group">political pressure groups</a>, not always united, progressives rejected <a href="Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">social Darwinism</a>, believing that the problems society faced, such as <a href="Class_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Class warfare">class warfare</a>, <a href="Greed" title="Greed">greed</a>, <a href="Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a>, <a href="Racism" title="Racism">racism</a> and <a href="Violence" title="Violence">violence</a>, could best be addressed by providing good education, a safe environment, and an efficient workplace. Progressives lived mainly in the cities, were college educated, and believed in a strong central government.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> of the <a href="Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> and later the <a href="Progressive_Party_(United_States%2C_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">Progressive Party</a> declared that he "always believed that wise progressivism and wise conservatism go hand in hand."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>President <a href="Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> was also a member of the American progressive movement within the <a href="Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>. Progressive stances have evolved. <a href="Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a> was a controversial issue within progressivism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the United States, where some progressives supported <a href="American_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a> while others opposed it.<sup id="cite_ref-Nugent_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nugent-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to <a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, President <a href="Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>'s <a href="Fourteen_Points" title="Fourteen Points">Fourteen Points</a> established the concept of national <a href="Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> and criticised imperialist competition and colonial injustices. <a href="Anti-imperialists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-imperialists">Anti-imperialists</a> supported these views in areas resisting imperial rule.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>

During the period of acceptance of economic <a href="Keynesianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Keynesianism">Keynesianism</a> (the 1930s–1970s), there was widespread acceptance in many nations of a large role for <a href="State_intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="State intervention">state intervention</a> in the economy. With the rise of <a href="Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> and challenges to state <a href="Interventionism_(politics)" title="Interventionism (politics)">interventionist</a> policies in the 1970s and 1980s, <a href="Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">centre-left</a> progressive movements responded by adopting the <a href="Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a>, which emphasised a major role for the <a href="Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #e4003b; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.65em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Rose_(symbolism)" title="Rose (symbolism)"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #e4003b;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="History_of_social_democracy" title="History of social democracy">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li>

<li><a href="Frankfurt_Declaration" title="Frankfurt Declaration">Frankfurt Declaration</a></li>

<li><a href="French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Godesberg_Program" title="Godesberg Program">Godesberg Program</a></li>

<li><a href="Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Internationalist%E2%80%93defencist_schism" title="Internationalist–defencist schism">Internationalist–defencist schism</a></li>

<li><a href="Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labor movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Orthodox_Marxism" title="Orthodox Marxism">Orthodox</a></li>

<li><a href="Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_democracy#Second_International_era_and_reform_or_revolution_dispute_(1889–1914)" title="Social democracy">Reformist–revolutionary dispute</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">Socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li>

<li><a href="Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare capitalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #e4003b;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li>

<li><a href="Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial</a></li>

<li><a href="Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">Representative</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">Environmental protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li>

<li><a href="Gradualism" title="Gradualism">Gradualism</a></li>

<li><a href="Institutional_abuse" title="Institutional abuse">Institutional abuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Internationalism_(politics)#Socialism" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">Labor rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li>

<li><a href="Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li>

<li><a href="Negative_and_positive_rights" title="Negative and positive rights">Negative and positive rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a>

<li><a href="Reformism" title="Reformism">Socialism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_corporatism" title="Social corporatism">Social corporatism</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social market economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">Socialist state</a>

<ul><li><a href="State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">Capitalism</a></li>

<li><a href="State_socialism" title="State socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Structural_abuse" title="Structural abuse">Structural abuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Structural_violence" title="Structural violence">Structural violence</a></li>

<li><a href="Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade union</a></li>

<li><a href="Tripartism" title="Tripartism">Tripartism</a></li>

<li><a href="Welfare_spending" title="Welfare spending">Welfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #e4003b;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Eduard_Bernstein#Opinions" title="Eduard Bernstein">Evolutionary socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">Socialism of the 21st century</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #e4003b;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="List_of_social_democrats" title="List of social democrats">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Allende</a></li>

<li><a href="Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li>

<li><a href="Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li>

<li><a href="Obafemi_Awolowo" title="Obafemi Awolowo">Awolowo</a></li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_Batlle_y_Ord%C3%B3%C3%B1ez" title="José Batlle y Ordóñez">Batlle y Ordóñez</a></li>

<li><a href="August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">Ben-Gurion</a></li>

<li><a href="Victor_L._Berger" title="Victor L. Berger">Berger</a></li>

<li><a href="Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li>

<li><a href="R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt" title="Rómulo Betancourt">Betancourt</a></li>

<li><a href="Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Bhutto</a></li>

<li><a href="Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li>

<li><a href="Steven_Bonnell" class="mw-redirect" title="Steven Bonnell">Bonnell</a></li>

<li><a href="Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li>

<li><a href="Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Branting</a></li>

<li><a href="Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li>

<li><a href="Matt_Bruenig" title="Matt Bruenig">Bruenig</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li>

<li><a href="L%C3%A1zaro_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Lázaro Cárdenas">Cárdenas</a></li>

<li><a href="Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Clark</a></li>

<li><a href="Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Craxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Curtin" title="John Curtin">Curtin</a></li>

<li><a href="Ignacy_Daszy%C5%84ski" title="Ignacy Daszyński">Daszyński</a></li>

<li><a href="Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li>

<li><a href="Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li>

<li><a href="Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Ebert</a></li>

<li><a href="B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Ecevit</a></li>

<li><a href="Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li>

<li><a href="Tage_Erlander" title="Tage Erlander">Erlander</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Fraser</a></li>

<li><a href="Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li>

<li><a href="Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Gerhardsen</a></li>

<li><a href="Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">González</a></li>

<li><a href="Jo%C3%A3o_Goulart" title="João Goulart">Goulart</a></li>

<li><a href="Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li>

<li><a href="Rudolf_Hilferding" title="Rudolf Hilferding">Hilferding</a></li>

<li><a href="Anna_Ingerman" title="Anna Ingerman">Ingerman</a></li>

<li><a href="Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">İnönü</a></li>

<li><a href="Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s" title="Jean Jaurès">Jaurès</a></li>

<li><a href="Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li>

<li><a href="Kamal_Jumblatt" title="Kamal Jumblatt">Jumblatt</a></li>

<li><a href="Carsun_Chang" title="Carsun Chang">Junmai</a></li>

<li><a href="Tetsu_Katayama" title="Tetsu Katayama">Katayama</a></li>

<li><a href="Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a></li>

<li><a href="Anna_K%C3%A9thly" title="Anna Kéthly">Kéthly</a></li>

<li><a href="Kyle_Kulinski" title="Kyle Kulinski">Kulinski</a></li>

<li><a href="Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Lagos</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li>

<li><a href="Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li>

<li><a href="Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a></li>

<li><a href="Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque" title="René Lévesque">Lévesque</a></li>

<li><a href="Wilhelm_Liebknecht" title="Wilhelm Liebknecht">Liebknecht (Wilhelm)</a></li>

<li><a href="Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Liebknecht (Karl)</a></li>

<li><a href="Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li>

<li><a href="Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a></li>

<li><a href="Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Myrdal (Alva)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Myrdal (Gunnar)</a></li>

<li><a href="Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">Pakman</a></li>

<li><a href="Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Palme</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li>

<li><a href="Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li>

<li><a href="Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li>

<li><a href="Gustav_Radbruch" title="Gustav Radbruch">Radbruch</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Reich</a></li>

<li><a href="Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Rustin</a></li>

<li><a href="Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li>

<li><a href="Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Savage</a></li>

<li><a href="Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li>

<li><a href="Thorvald_Stauning" title="Thorvald Stauning">Stauning</a></li>

<li><a href="Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a></li>

<li><a href="Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Whitlam</a></li>

<li><a href="Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li>

<li><a href="Noe_Zhordania" title="Noe Zhordania">Zhordania</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #e4003b;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="International_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="International Trade Union Confederation">International Trade Union Confederation</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Union_of_Socialist_Youth" title="International Union of Socialist Youth">International Union of Socialist Youth</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li>

<li><a href="Young_European_Socialists" title="Young European Socialists">Young European Socialists</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_of_Social_Democracy_in_Asia" title="Network of Social Democracy in Asia">Network of Social Democracy in Asia</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #e4003b;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="List_of_social_democratic_parties" title="List of social democratic parties">Parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;">

<li><a href="Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_%E2%80%93_Social_Democratic_Party" title="Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party">MLSTP–PSD</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Democratic_Party_of_Hungary" title="Social Democratic Party of Hungary">MSZDP</a></li>

<li>PS

<ul><li><a href="Social_Democratic_Party_(Andorra)" title="Social Democratic Party (Andorra)">Andorra</a></li>

<li><a href="Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">France</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Social_Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Social Democratic Party of Albania">PSDSH</a></li>

<li>S

<ul><li><a href="Social_Democrats_(Denmark)" title="Social Democrats (Denmark)">Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Democratic_Party_%22Harmony%22" title="Social Democratic Party "Harmony"">Latvia</a></li></ul></li>

<li>SDP

<ul><li><a href="Social_Democratic_Party_of_Croatia" title="Social Democratic Party of Croatia">Croatia</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Democratic_Party_of_Finland" title="Social Democratic Party of Finland">Finland</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Social Democratic Party (Japan)">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Democratic_Party_of_Montenegro" title="Social Democratic Party of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Social_Democracy_(Czech_Republic)" title="Social Democracy (Czech Republic)">SOCDEM</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Democrats_(Ireland)" title="Social Democrats (Ireland)">SocDems</a></li>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #e4003b;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="Bevanism" title="Bevanism">Bevanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Figuerism" title="Figuerism">Figuerism</a></li>

<li><a href="Kirchnerism" title="Kirchnerism">Kirchnerism</a></li>

<li><a href="Lulism" title="Lulism">Lulism</a></li>

<li>"<a href="The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a>"</li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #e4003b; border-bottom:none;">

<ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AEconomics" title="Portal:Economics">Economics portal</a></b></li>

<li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3APolitics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></b></li>

<li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ASocialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></b></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #e4003b;"></td></tr></tbody></table><p> There have been <a href="Social_democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democrats">social democrats</a> who have called for the social-democratic movement to move past Third Way.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent <a href="Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">progressive conservative</a> elements in the British <a href="Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> have criticised neoliberalism.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the 21st century, progressives continue to favour <a href="Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a> that they theorise will reduce or lessen the harmful effects of <a href="Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> as well as systemic <a href="Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> such as <a href="Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism">institutional racism</a>; to advocate for <a href="Social_safety_net" title="Social safety net">social safety nets</a> and <a href="Workers'_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' rights">workers' rights</a>; and to oppose <a href="Corporate" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate">corporate</a> influence on the democratic process. The unifying theme is to call attention to the negative impacts of current institutions or ways of doing things and to advocate for <a href="Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">social progress</a>, i.e., for positive change as defined by any of several standards such as the expansion of <a href="Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>, increased <a href="Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a> in the form of <a href="Economic_egalitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic egalitarianism">economic</a> and <a href="Social_equality" title="Social equality">social equality</a> as well as improved well-being of a population. Proponents of social democracy have identified themselves as promoting the progressive cause.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_progressivism">Cultural progressivism</h3></div>

<p>Progressivism, in the general sense, mainly means social and cultural progressivism. The term <i><a href="Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">cultural liberalism</a></i> is used in a substantially similar context and can be said to be a synonym for cultural progressivism.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike progressives in a broader sense, some cultural progressives may be economically <a href="Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a>, <a href="Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">conservative</a>, or politically <a href="Libertarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian">libertarian</a>. The <a href="Czech_Pirate_Party" title="Czech Pirate Party">Czech Pirate Party</a> is classified as a (cultural or social) progressive party,<sup id="cite_ref-politicalcritique.org_8_January_2018_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politicalcritique.org_8_January_2018-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it calls itself "economically centrist and socially liberal".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_progressivism">Economic progressivism</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a></div>

<p><i>Economic progressivism</i>—also <i>New Progressive Economics</i><sup id="cite_ref-vox20241004_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox20241004-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—is a term used to distinguish it from <i>progressivism</i> in cultural fields. Economic progressives may draw from a variety of economic traditions, including <a href="Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">democratic capitalism</a>, <a href="Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialism</a>, <a href="Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>, and <a href="Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">social liberalism</a>. Overall, economic progressives' views are rooted in the concept of <a href="Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> and the <a href="Common_good" title="Common good">common good</a>, and aim to improve the human condition through <a href="Government_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Government regulation">government regulation</a>, <a href="Social_protection" title="Social protection">social protections</a> and the maintenance of <a href="Public_good_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public good (economics)">public goods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some economic progressives may show <a href="Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> views on cultural issues. These movements are related to <a href="Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">communitarian</a> conservative movements such as <a href="Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a> and <a href="One-nation_conservatism" title="One-nation conservatism">one-nation conservatism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-catholicnewsagency_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catholicnewsagency-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Techno_progressivism">Techno progressivism</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></div>

<p>An early mention of <i>techno-progressivism</i> appeared in 1999 as the removal of "all political, cultural, biological, and psychological limits to self-actualization and self-realization".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to techno-progressivism, scientific and technical aspects of progress are linked to ethical and social developments in society. Therefore, according to the majority of techno-progressive viewpoints, advancements in science and technology will not be considered proper progress until and unless they are accompanied by a fair distribution of the costs, risks, and rewards of these new capabilities. Many techno-progressive critics and supporters believe that while improved democracy, increased justice, decreased violence, and a broader culture of rights are all desirable, they are insufficient on their own to address the problems of modern technological societies unless and until they are accompanied by scientific and technological advancements that uphold and apply these ideals.<sup id="cite_ref-Carrico_2004_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrico_2004-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carrico_2005_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrico_2005-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Progressive_parties_or_parties_with_progressive_factions">Progressive parties or parties with progressive factions</h2></div>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-pol"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the Politics Series</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Political_party" title="Political party">Party politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></li><li><a href="Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a></li></ul></div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

<a href="Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;">

<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a></li><li><a href="Radical_centrism" title="Radical centrism">Radical centre</a></li><li><a href="Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a></li></ul></div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

<a href="Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;">

<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a></li><li><a href="Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></li></ul></div></td>

</tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major <a href="List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">ideologies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li>

<li><a href="Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li>

<li><a href="Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li>

<li><a href="Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Syncretic_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Bloc_party" title="Bloc party">Bloc party</a></li>

<li><a href="Elite_party" title="Elite party">Elite party</a></li>

<li><a href="Cartel_party_theory" title="Cartel party theory">Cartel party</a></li>

<li><a href="Electoral_competition" title="Electoral competition">Competitive</a></li>

<li><a href="Big_tent" title="Big tent">Catch-all party</a></li>

<li><a href="Business-firm_party" title="Business-firm party">Entrepreneurial party</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethnic_party" title="Ethnic party">Ethnic party</a></li>

<li><a href="Major_party" title="Major party">Major party</a> / <a href="Minor_party" title="Minor party">Minor party</a></li>

<li><a href="Mass_politics" title="Mass politics">Mass party</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruling_party" title="Ruling party">Ruling party</a></li>

<li><a href="Opposition_(politics)" title="Opposition (politics)">Opposition party</a></li>

<li><a href="Parliamentary_opposition" title="Parliamentary opposition">Parliamentary opposition</a></li>

<li><a href="Party_of_power" title="Party of power">Party of power</a></li>

<li><a href="Official_party_status" title="Official party status">Official party status</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-issue_politics#Single-issue_parties" title="Single-issue politics">Single-issue party</a></li>

<li><a href="Transnational_political_party" title="Transnational political party">Transnational</a> / <a href="Political_international" title="Political international">International</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Leaders and organization</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Backbencher" title="Backbencher">Backbencher</a></li>

<li><a href="Caucus" title="Caucus">Caucus</a></li>

<li><a href="Caucus_chair" title="Caucus chair">Caucus chair</a></li>

<li><a href="Frontbencher" title="Frontbencher">Frontbencher</a></li>

<li><a href="Lead_candidate" title="Lead candidate">Lead candidate</a></li>

<li><a href="Leader_of_the_Opposition" title="Leader of the Opposition">Leader of the Opposition</a></li>

<li><a href="Majority_leader" title="Majority leader">Majority leader</a></li>

<li><a href="Minority_leader" title="Minority leader">Minority leader</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_faction" title="Political faction">Political faction</a></li>

<li><a href="Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">Parliamentary leader</a></li>

<li><a href="Party_chair" title="Party chair">Party chair</a></li>

<li><a href="Party_leader" title="Party leader">Party leader</a></li>

<li><a href="Party_spokesperson" title="Party spokesperson">Party spokesperson</a></li>

<li><a href="Secretary_(title)" title="Secretary (title)">Secretary</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_cabinet" title="Shadow cabinet">Shadow cabinet</a></li>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Internal elections</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">Primary election</a></li>

<li><a href="Leadership_election" title="Leadership election">Leadership election</a></li>

<li><a href="Party_conference" title="Party conference">Party convention/conference</a></li>

<li><a href="Leadership_convention" title="Leadership convention">Leadership convention</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Party_discipline" title="Party discipline">Party discipline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Conscience_vote" title="Conscience vote">Conscience vote</a></li>

<li><a href="Crossing_the_floor" title="Crossing the floor">Crossing the floor</a></li>

<li><a href="Party_discipline" title="Party discipline">Party discipline</a></li>

<li><a href="Party_line_(politics)" title="Party line (politics)">Party line</a></li>

<li><a href="Party-line_vote" title="Party-line vote">Party-line vote</a></li>

<li><a href="Party_switching" title="Party switching">Party switching</a></li>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Party_system" title="Party system">Party systems</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0em;">

<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party</a></li></ul></div>

<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Dominant-party_system" title="Dominant-party system">Dominant-party</a></li><li><a href="Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">Two-party</a></li><li><a href="Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">Multi-party</a></li></ul></div>

<div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Non-partisan_democracy" title="Non-partisan democracy">Non-partisan</a></li></ul></div></td>

</tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">Coalitions</a> between parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Parliamentary_group" title="Parliamentary group">Parliamentary group</a></li>

<li><a href="Divided_government" title="Divided government">Divided government</a></li>

<li><a href="Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">Coalition government</a></li>

<li><a href="Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">Confidence and supply</a></li>

<li><a href="Consensus_democracy" title="Consensus democracy">Consensus government</a></li>

<li><a href="Cordon_sanitaire_(politics)" title="Cordon sanitaire (politics)">Cordon sanitaire</a></li>

<li><a href="Grand_coalition" title="Grand coalition">Grand coalition</a></li>

<li><a href="Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">Hung parliament</a></li>

<li><a href="Majority_government" title="Majority government">Majority government</a></li>

<li><a href="Minority_government" title="Minority government">Minority government</a></li>

<li><a href="National_unity_government" title="National unity government">National unity government</a></li>

<li><a href="Rotation_government" title="Rotation government">Rotation government</a></li>

<li>Tech-Trad Alliance</li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:center;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Lists_of_political_parties" title="Lists of political parties">Lists of political parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">Ruling parties by country</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_political_parties_by_region" title="List of political parties by region">Political parties by region</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_banned_political_parties" title="List of banned political parties">Banned political parties</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below">

<span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3APolitics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"></td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_parties">Current parties</h3></div>

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<ul><li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>: <a href="Solidarity_Party_of_Afghanistan" title="Solidarity Party of Afghanistan">Solidarity Party of Afghanistan</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>: <a href="Union_for_the_Homeland" title="Union for the Homeland">Union for the Homeland</a> (factions)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>: <a href="Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Australian Greens</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Interview_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interview-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Fusion_Party_(Australia)" title="Fusion Party (Australia)">Fusion Party</a>, <a href="Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> (factions)</li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>: <a href="Workers'_Party_(Brazil)" title="Workers' Party (Brazil)">Workers' Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">Brazilian Socialist Party</a> (factions),<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Democratic_Labour_Party_(Brazil)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)">Democratic Labour Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Socialism_and_Liberty_Party" title="Socialism and Liberty Party">Socialism and Liberty Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>: <a href="Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>, <a href="Canadian_Future_Party" title="Canadian Future Party">Canadian Future Party</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>: <a href="Broad_Front_(Chilean_political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad Front (Chilean political party)">Broad Front</a>, <a href="Liberal_Party_of_Chile_(2013)" title="Liberal Party of Chile (2013)">Liberal Party of Chile</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>: <a href="Humane_Colombia" title="Humane Colombia">Humane Colombia</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>: <a href="Social_Democratic_Party_of_Croatia" title="Social Democratic Party of Croatia">Social Democratic Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>: <a href="Czech_Pirate_Party" title="Czech Pirate Party">Czech Pirate Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-politicalcritique.org_8_January_2018_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politicalcritique.org_8_January_2018-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-balkaninsight.com_21_May_2019_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balkaninsight.com_21_May_2019-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="France" title="France">France</a>: <a href="Radical_Party_of_the_Left" title="Radical Party of the Left">Radical Party of the Left</a>, <a href="New_Deal_(France)" title="New Deal (France)">New Deal</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: <a href="Volt_Germany" title="Volt Germany">Volt Germany</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a>, <a href="Party_of_Humanists" title="Party of Humanists">Party of Humanists</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>: <a href="Syriza" title="Syriza">Syriza</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Podemos_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Podemos-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Course_of_Freedom" title="Course of Freedom">Course of Freedom</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>: <a href="Democratic_Coalition_(Hungary)" title="Democratic Coalition (Hungary)">Democratic Coalition</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>: <a href="Possible_(political_party)" title="Possible (political party)">Possible</a>, <a href="Green_Europe" title="Green Europe">Green Europe</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>: <a href="Green_Party_of_Indonesia" title="Green Party of Indonesia">Green Party of Indonesia</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>: <a href="Social_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Social Democratic Party (Japan)">Social Democratic Party</a>, <a href="Japanese_Communist_Party" title="Japanese Communist Party">Japanese Communist Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Reiwa_Shinsengumi" title="Reiwa Shinsengumi">Reiwa Shinsengumi</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brasor_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brasor-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>: <a href="Vet%C3%ABvendosje" title="Vetëvendosje">Vetëvendosje</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>: <a href="Kuwaiti_Progressive_Movement" title="Kuwaiti Progressive Movement">Kuwaiti Progressive Movement</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>: <a href="Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)">Morena</a>, <a href="Party_of_the_Democratic_Revolution" title="Party of the Democratic Revolution">Party of the Democratic Revolution</a>, <a href="Citizens'_Movement_(Mexico)" title="Citizens' Movement (Mexico)">Citizens' Movement</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: <a href="Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a>, <a href="GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:GLPVDA1_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:GLPVDA1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:GLPVDA2_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:GLPVDA2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:GLPVDA3_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:GLPVDA3-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:GLPVDA4_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:GLPVDA4-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">PvdA</a><sup id="cite_ref-:GLPVDA1_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:GLPVDA1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:GLPVDA2_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:GLPVDA2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:GLPVDA3_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:GLPVDA3-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:GLPVDA4_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:GLPVDA4-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>: <a href="Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party">Pakistan Peoples Party</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>: <a href="New_Peru_for_Good_Living" title="New Peru for Good Living">New Peru for Good Living</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>: <a href="Akbayan" title="Akbayan">Akbayan</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: <a href="Polish_Initiative" title="Polish Initiative">Polish Initiative</a>, <a href="New_Left_(Poland)" title="New Left (Poland)">New Left</a>, <a href="Left_Together" class="mw-redirect" title="Left Together">Left Together</a>, <a href="Polish_Socialist_Party" title="Polish Socialist Party">Polish Socialist Party</a>, <a href="The_Greens_(Poland)" title="The Greens (Poland)">The Greens</a>, <a href="Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform</a> (faction)</li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>: <a href="Socialist_Party_(Portugal)" title="Socialist Party (Portugal)">Socialist Party</a>, <a href="Left_Bloc_(Portugal)" title="Left Bloc (Portugal)">Left Bloc</a>, <a href="People_Animals_Nature" title="People Animals Nature">People Animals Nature</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="LIVRE" title="LIVRE">LIVRE</a>, <a href="Volt_Portugal" title="Volt Portugal">Volt Portugal</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>: <a href="Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">Save Romania Union</a>, <a href="Democracy_and_Solidarity_Party" title="Democracy and Solidarity Party">Democracy and Solidarity Party</a>, <a href="Volt_Romania" title="Volt Romania">Volt Romania</a>, <a href="Health_Education_Nature_Sustainability_Party" title="Health Education Nature Sustainability Party">Health Education Nature Sustainability Party</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>: <a href="Yabloko" title="Yabloko">Yabloko</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>: <a href="Party_of_the_Radical_Left" title="Party of the Radical Left">Party of the Radical Left</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>: <a href="Progress_Singapore_Party" title="Progress Singapore Party">Progress Singapore Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>: <a href="Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">Progressive Slovakia</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>: <a href="Justice_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Justice Party (South Korea)">Justice Party</a>, <a href="Progressive_Party_(South_Korea%2C_2017)" title="Progressive Party (South Korea, 2017)">Progressive Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Mirae_Party" title="Mirae Party">Mirae Party</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: <a href="Spanish_Socialist_Worker's_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Socialist Worker's Party">Spanish Socialist Worker's Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Podemos_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Podemos-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="M%C3%A1s_Madrid" title="Más Madrid">Más Madrid</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Sumar_(electoral_platform)" title="Sumar (electoral platform)">Sumar</a>, <a href="Republican_Left_of_Catalonia" title="Republican Left of Catalonia">Republican Left of Catalonia</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>: <a href="Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="New_Power_Party" title="New Power Party">New Power Party</a>, <a href="Taiwan_People's_Party" title="Taiwan People's Party">Taiwan People's Party</a> (factions)</li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>: <a href="Thai_Liberal_Party" title="Thai Liberal Party">Thai Liberal Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-prachatai_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prachatai-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="People's_Party_(Thailand%2C_2024)" title="People's Party (Thailand, 2024)">People's Party</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>: <a href="Republican_People's_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <a href="Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> (factions), <a href="Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> (factions), <a href="Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a>, <a href="Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a>, <a href="Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a>, <a href="Transform_(political_party)" title="Transform (political party)">Transform</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (factions),<sup id="cite_ref-Ball_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ball-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party of the United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>: <a href="Popular_Will" title="Popular Will">Popular Will</a></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_parties">Former parties</h3></div>

<ul><li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>: <a href="Front_for_Victory" title="Front for Victory">Front for Victory</a><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>: <a href="Social_Convergence" title="Social Convergence">Social Convergence</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="France" title="France">France</a>: <a href="Movement_Party_(France)" title="Movement Party (France)">Movement Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-france_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-france-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Opportunist_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Opportunist Republicans">Opportunist Republicans</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>: <a href="Demosisto" title="Demosisto">Demosisto</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>: <a href="Society_for_the_Progress_of_Iran" title="Society for the Progress of Iran">Society for the Progress of Iran</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>: <a href="Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: <a href="Free-thinking_Democratic_League" title="Free-thinking Democratic League">Free-thinking Democratic League</a><sup id="cite_ref-Broughton1999_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broughton1999-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>: <a href="Jim_Anderton's_Progressive_Party" title="Jim Anderton's Progressive Party">Jim Anderton's Progressive Party</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>: <a href="Sindh_National_Front" title="Sindh National Front">Sindh National Front</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: <a href="Spring_(political_party)" title="Spring (political party)">Spring</a>, <a href="Your_Movement" title="Your Movement">Your Movement</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>: <a href="Romanian_Social_Party" title="Romanian Social Party">Romanian Social Party</a>, <a href="National_Union_for_the_Progress_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="National Union for the Progress of Romania">National Union for the Progress of Romania</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>: <a href="Progressive_Party_(South_Korea%2C_1956)" title="Progressive Party (South Korea, 1956)">Progressive Party (1956)</a>, <a href="Democratic_Labor_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Democratic Labor Party (South Korea)">Democratic Labor Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="New_Progressive_Party_(South_Korea)" title="New Progressive Party (South Korea)">New Progressive Party</a>, <a href="Unified_Progressive_Party" title="Unified Progressive Party">Unified Progressive Party</a></li>

<li><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="Progressive_Party_(United_States%2C_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">Progressive Party (1912)</a>, <a href="Progressive_Party_(United_States%2C_1924)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924)">Progressive Party (1924)</a>, <a href="Progressive_Party_(United_States%2C_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive Party (1948)</a></li></ul>

</div>

<ul><li><a href="Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li>

<li><a href="Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></li>

<li><a href="Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal socialism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern liberalism in the United States</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Managerial_state" title="Managerial state">Managerial state</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a>

<ul><li><a href="Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive conservatism</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_Party_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Progressive Party (disambiguation)">Progressive Party</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive tax</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Radicalism_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">Radicalism (historical)</a></li>

<li><a href="Reformist_party_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformist party (Japan)">Reformist party (Japan)</a></li>

<li><a href="Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionism (Marxism)</a></li>

<li><a href="Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Secular_liberalism" title="Secular liberalism">Secular liberalism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a>

<ul><li><a href="New_eugenics" title="New eugenics">New eugenics</a> (<a href="Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Not the precursor</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Transhumanist_politics" title="Transhumanist politics">Transhumanist politics</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321174257/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/progressivism">"Progressivism in English"</a>. <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/progressivism">the original</a> on 21 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Harold_Mah_1914._p157-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harold_Mah_1914._p157_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold Mah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WVlGIelNNNcC"><i>Enlightenment Phantasies: Cultural Identity in France and Germany, 1750–1914</i></a>. Cornell University. (2003). p. 157.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKlaus_P._Fischer2007" class="citation book cs1">Klaus P. Fischer, ed. (2007). <i>America in White, Black, and Gray: A History of the Stormy 1960s</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 39.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Courses2014" class="citation book cs1">Great Courses, ed. (2014). <i>The Modern Political Tradition: Episode 17: Progressivism and New Liberalism</i>. Great Courses.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHelen_HardacreTimothy_S._GeorgeKeigo_KomamuraFranziska_Seraphim2021" class="citation book cs1">Helen Hardacre; Timothy S. George; Keigo Komamura; Franziska Seraphim, eds. (2021). <i>Japanese Constitutional Revisionism and Civic Activism</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 136, 162.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-auto1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGerstle2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Gary_Gerstle" title="Gary Gerstle">Gerstle, Gary</a> (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-neoliberal-order-9780197519646?cc=us&lang=en&"><i>The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era</i></a>. <a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0197519646</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626220259/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-neoliberal-order-9780197519646?cc=us&lang=en&">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>The most sweeping account of how neoliberalism came to dominate American politics for nearly a half century before crashing against the forces of Trumpism on the right and a new progressivism on the left.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-auto2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/07/america-is-becoming-a-social-democracy/">"America Is Becoming a Social Democracy"</a>. <i><a href="Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>. 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-catholicnewsagency-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-catholicnewsagency_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catholicnewsagency_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/34726/did-you-know-theres-a-third-party-based-on-catholic-teaching">"Did you know there's a third party based on Catholic teaching?"</a>. <i>Catholic News Agency</i>. 12 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2021</span>. <q>Politically, we would be considered center-right on social issues</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-auto-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cruxnow.com/interviews/2018/11/new-political-party-says-its-roots-are-in-catholic-social-teaching/">"New political party says its roots are in Catholic Social Teaching"</a>. 26 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2021</span>. <q>I was working on my doctoral dissertation largely concerning difficulties and opportunities for socially conservative, economically progressive movements, and desired to get involved in such movements ... and was glad to see that ASP was interested in applying such ways of thinking to contemporary issues.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKantReiss1991" class="citation web cs1">Kant, Immanuel; Reiss, Hans Siegbert (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kantpoliticalwri00kant/page/41/mode/2up">"Kant: political writings"</a>. Cambridge [England]; New York: Cambridge University Press.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nisbet, Robert (1980). <i>History of the Idea of Progress</i>. New York: Basic Books. ch 5</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJoyce_ApplebyLynn_HuntMargaret_Jacob1995" class="citation book cs1">Joyce Appleby; Lynn Hunt & Margaret Jacob (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O0aCcnVcbZcC&pg=78"><i>Telling the Truth about History</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 78. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780393078916</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNugent,_Walter2010" class="citation book cs1">Nugent, Walter (2010). <i>Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 2. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780195311068</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Ryan. <i>The Making of Modern Liberalism</i>. p. 25.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Dunleavy, Paul Joseph Kelly, Michael Moran. <i>British Political Science: Fifty Years of Political Studies</i>. Oxford, England; Malden, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000. pp. 107–108. </span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Blake. <i>Disraeli</i>. Second Edition. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode (Publishers) Ltd, 1967. p. 524.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i> Union Contributions to Labor Welfare Policy and Practice: Past, Present, and Future</i>. Routledge, 16, 2013. p. 172. </span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faith Jaycox. <i>The Progressive Era</i>. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2005. p. 85.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Howard Hopkins, <i>The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865–1915</i> (1940). </span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFreeden2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Michael_Freeden" title="Michael Freeden">Freeden, Michael</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Lpu8wwvA1AC&pg=144"><i>Liberal Languages: Ideological Imaginations and Twentieth-Century Progressive Thought</i></a>. <a href="Princeton%2C_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>: <a href="Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">144–</span>165. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780691116778</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAmbrosius2006" class="citation journal cs1">Ambrosius, Lloyd E. (April 2006). "Woodrow Wilson, Alliances, and the League of Nations". <i>The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era</i>. <b>5</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">139–</span>165. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS153778140000298X">10.1017/S153778140000298X</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162853992">162853992</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRoll-Hansen1989" class="citation journal cs1">Roll-Hansen, Nils (1989). "Geneticists and the Eugenics Movement in Scandinavia". <i><a href="The_British_Journal_for_the_History_of_Science" title="The British Journal for the History of Science">The British Journal for the History of Science</a></i>. <b>22</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">335–</span>346. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0007087400026194">10.1017/S0007087400026194</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4026900">4026900</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11621984">11621984</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44566095">44566095</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard2005" class="citation journal cs1">Leonard, Thomas (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/papers/retrospectives.pdf">"Retrospectives: Eugenics and Economics in the Progressive Era"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Economic Perspectives</i>. <b>19</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">207–</span>224. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2F089533005775196642">10.1257/089533005775196642</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820132528/https://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/papers/retrospectives.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James H. Timberlake, <i>Prohibition and the Progressive Movement, 1900–1920</i> (1970)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/progress/prohib/">"Prohibition: A Case Study of Progressive Reform"</a>. <a href="Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNugent,_Walter2010" class="citation book cs1">Nugent, Walter (2010). <i>Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 2. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780195311068</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWaluchow2018" class="citation book cs1">Waluchow, Wil (17 August 2018). "Constitutionalism". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/constitutionalism/"><i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i></a>. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2020" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Bradley (2020). <i>Progressivism : the strange history of a radical idea</i>. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. p. 11. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780268106973</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Podemos-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Podemos_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Podemos_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGregor_FitziJuergen_MackertBryan_S._Turner2018" class="citation book cs1">Gregor Fitzi; Juergen Mackert; Bryan S. Turner, eds. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nGNwDwAAQBAJ&dq=progressive+SYRIZA&pg=PT44"><i>Populism and the Crisis of Democracy: Volume 3: Migration, Gender, and Religion</i></a>. <a href="Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781351608916</bdi>. <q>Progressive groups such as Syriza and Podemos6 tend, on the contrary, to show solidarity towards migrants and refugees, as in general being the weakest components of the society. The Five Star Movement that defines itself as neither ...</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Chase-Dunn,_Paul_Almeida2020" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Chase-Dunn, Paul Almeida, ed. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nbD5DwAAQBAJ&dq=progressive+Syriza&pg=PA133"><i>Global Struggles and Social Change: From Prehistory to World Revolution in the Twenty-First Century</i></a>. JHU Press. p. 133. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781421438634</bdi>. <q>The Arab Spring, the Latin American Pink Tide, the Indignados in Spain, the Occupy movement, the rise of progressive social movement– based parties in Spain (Podemos) and in Greece (Syriza), and the spike in mass protests in 2011 and ...</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKen_McMullen,_Martin_McQuillan2015" class="citation book cs1">Ken McMullen, Martin McQuillan, ed. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XOHaDwAAQBAJ&dq=progressive+SYRIZA&pg=PA12"><i>Oxi: An Act of Resistance: The Screenplay and Commentary, Including interviews with Derrida, Cixous, Balibar, and Negri</i></a>. Lexington Books. p. 12. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781783482702</bdi>. <q>The choice to be made for Syriza is between fidelity to a progressive social agenda and retaining Greece's place within a community of nations tied together by a commitment to a neoliberal global economy. The skill with which they ...</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edaily.co.kr/news/Read?newsId=01439926629245392&mediaCodeNo=257">""선제공격 능력 갖추자" 日정부 주장에…"시대착오적" 비판"</a>. <i>Edaily</i>. 13 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2021</span>. <q>... <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">개헌에 반대해 온 진보 성향의 일본공산당은 "적 기지에 대한 공격력을 갖추더라도 상대국의 지하나 이동발사대 등 미사일 위치를 모두 파악하고 파괴하는 것은 불가능하다"며</span></span> ...</q> [... The progressive position Japanese Communist Party, which has opposed the constitutional amendment, said, "Even if it has offensive power against enemy bases, it is impossible to identify and destroy all missile locations such as underground or mobile launchers of the other country" ...]</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:GLPVDA1-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:GLPVDA1_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:GLPVDA1_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGroenLinks" class="citation web cs1">GroenLinks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groenlinks.nl/een-progressief-oppositieakkoord">"EEN PROGRESSIEF OPPOSITIEAKKOORD"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:GLPVDA2-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:GLPVDA2_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:GLPVDA2_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGroenLinks" class="citation web cs1">GroenLinks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groenlinks.nl/nieuws/pvda-en-groenlinks-sluiten-progressief-oppositieakkoord">"PVDA EN GROENLINKS SLUITEN PROGRESSIEF OPPOSITIEAKKOORD"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:GLPVDA3-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:GLPVDA3_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:GLPVDA3_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFProDemos_NL" class="citation web cs1">ProDemos NL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prodemos.nl/kennis/informatie-over-politiek/politieke-partijen/indeling-van-partijen/">"Indeling van partijen"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2018" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Paul G. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jyQ3nR6Jls8C&q=progressivism+yabloko+russia&pg=PA160"><i>Party Development and Democratic Change in Post-Communist Europe: The First Decade</i></a>. Taylor & Francis US. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780714681740</bdi> – via Google Books.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ricemedia.co/current-affairs-features-progress-singapore-party-psp-tan-cheng-bock/">"The Progress Singapore Party Offers A 'Progressive' Vision for Singapore"</a>. 18 June 2020.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20200518227800320">"Minjung Party press conference"</a>. <i><a href="Yonhap_News_Agency" title="Yonhap News Agency">Yonhap News Agency</a></i>. 11 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>. <q>Members of the progressive Minjung Party hold a press conference in front of former President Chun Doo-hwan's home in Seoul on May 18, 2020.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/11/world/asia/south-korea-north-sanctions-trump.html">"South Korea Backtracks on Easing Sanctions After Trump Comment"</a>. <i><a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 11 October 2018. <q>"The dog barks, but the caravan moves on," Lee Eun-Hae, a spokeswoman at the minor progressive Minjung Party, said in a statement about Mr. Trump and closer relations with North Korea.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-prachatai-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prachatai_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNidhi_Eoseewong2018" class="citation news cs1">Nidhi Eoseewong (8 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prachatai.com/english/node/7737">"Nidhi Eoseewong: An open letter to Pheu Thai"</a>. <i>prachatai</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170401060206/https://europeangreens.eu/news/green-party-england-and-wales-elects-new-leaders">"Green Party of England and Wales elects new leaders"</a>. <i>europeangreens.edu</i>. European Green Party. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europeangreens.eu/news/green-party-england-and-wales-elects-new-leaders">the original</a> on 1 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Ball-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ball_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBall" class="citation web cs1">Ball, Molly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142340/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/12/the-battle-within-the-democratic-party/282235/">"The Battle Within the Democratic Party"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/12/the-battle-within-the-democratic-party/282235/">the original</a> on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_M._Hoeffel2014" class="citation book cs1">Joseph M. Hoeffel, ed. (2014). <i>Fighting for the Progressive Center in the Age of Trump</i>. ABC-CLIO.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChotiner2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Chotiner, Isaac (2 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-socialist-is-bernie-sanders">"How Socialist Is Bernie Sanders?"</a>. <i><a href="The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/ny-state-of-politics/2021/08/11/progressives-contemplate-post-cuomo-politics">"Progressives contemplate post-Cuomo politics"</a>. Spectrum News. 11 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022133950/https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/ny-state-of-politics/2021/08/11/progressives-contemplate-post-cuomo-politics">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDenisha_Jones,_Jesse_Hagopian2020" class="citation book cs1">Denisha Jones, Jesse Hagopian, ed. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x_8FEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22progressive+Green+Party%22+United+States&pg=PT99"><i>Black Lives Matter at School: An Uprising for Educational Justice</i></a>. <a href="Haymarket_Books" title="Haymarket Books">Haymarket Books</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781642595307</bdi>. <q>She later ran as a New York State lieutenant gubernatorial candidate on a progressive Green Party platform</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_K._Lewis2014" class="citation book cs1">Daniel K. Lewis, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lZLgBQAAQBAJ&dq=progressive++FpV+Argentina&pg=PA193"><i>The History of Argentina, 2nd Edition</i></a>. <a href="ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 193. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781610698610</bdi>. <q>Progressive decrees, exemplified by the government's legalization of same-sex marriage in July, depicted the FPV as progressive. Behind the scenes, Kirchner promoted 'La Campora," and Peronist youth organization.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ambito.com/mundo/chile/el-pinochetista-kast-y-el-progresista-boric-definiran-la-presidencia-el-19-diciembre-elecciones-n5321694">"El pinochetista Kast y el progresista Boric definirán la presidencia el 19 de diciembre elecciones en Chile"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-france-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-france_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRémond1966" class="citation book cs1">Rémond, René (1966). University of Pennsylvania Press (ed.). <i>The Right Wing in France: From 1815 to de Gaulle</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKim2007" class="citation cs2">Kim, Sunhyuk (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BQ5uA3KW1ewC&q=%22Democratic+Labor+Party%22+korea+progressive&pg=PA65">"Civil society and democratization in Korea"</a>, <i>Korean Society</i>, Taylor & Francis, p. 65, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780203966648</bdi></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChang2008" class="citation cs2">Chang, Yun-Shik (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3-HxKjWqMEMC&q=%22Democratic+Labor+Party%22+korea+progressive&pg=PA176">"Left and right in South Korean politics"</a>, <i>Korea Confronts Globalization</i>, Taylor & Francis, p. 176, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780203931141</bdi></cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div>

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<ul><li>Dudley, Larkin Sims. "Enduring narratives from progressivism." <i>International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior</i> 7.3 (2003): 315–340.</li></ul>

<ul><li>Eisenach, Eldon J., ed. <i>Social and Political Thought of American Progressivism.</i> (Hackett Publishing, 2006).</li>

<li>Frohman, Larry. "The Break-Up of the Poor Laws—German Style: Progressivism and the Origins of the Welfare State, 1900–1918." <i>Comparative Studies in Society and History</i> 50.4 (2008): 981–1009.</li></ul>

<ul><li>Jackson, Ben. "Equality and the British Left: A study in progressive political thought, 1900-64." in <i>Equality and the British Left</i> (2013)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="James_T._Kloppenberg" title="James T. Kloppenberg">Kloppenberg, James T.</a> <i>Uncertain Victory: Social Democracy and Progressivism in European and American Thought, 1870–1920</i>. Oxford University Press, US, 1988. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0195053044</bdi>.</li>

<li><a href="George_Lakoff" title="George Lakoff">Lakoff, George</a>. <i>Don't Think of an Elephant: Know Your Values and Frame the Debate</i>. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2004. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1931498717</bdi>.</li>

<li><a href="Arthur_S._Link" title="Arthur S. Link">Link, Arthur S.</a> and <a href="Richard_L._McCormick" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard L. McCormick">McCormick, Richard L.</a> <i>Progressivism (American History Series)</i>. Harlan Davidson, 1983. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0882958143</bdi>.</li>

<li><a href="Michael_McGerr" title="Michael McGerr">McGerr, Michael</a>. <i>A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920</i>. 2003.</li>

<li>Nugent, Walter. <i>Progressivism: A very short introduction</i> (Oxford University Press, 2009).</li>

<li>Petrow, Stefan. "Progressivism in Australia: the case of John Daniel Fitzgerald, 1900-1922." <i>Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society</i> 90.1 (2004): 53–74.</li>

<li>Sawyer, Stephen, and William J. Novak. "Emancipation and the creation of modern liberal states in America and France." <i>Journal of the civil war era</i> 3.4 (2013): 467–500. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/36921796/Sawyer_and_Novak__Modern_Liberal_State.pdf">online</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>Schutz, Aaron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.educationaction.org/"><i>Social Class, Social Action, and Education: The Failure of Progressive Democracy</i></a>. Palgrave, Macmillan, 2010. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780230105911</bdi>.</li>

<li>Tröhler, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316660070_Progressivism"><i>Progressivism</i></a>. In: <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education</i>. Oxford University Press, 2017.</li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Progressivism" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Progressivism">Progressivism</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/progressivism">Progressivism</a> – entry at the <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background: lightblue"><div id="Government98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px">

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_and_government31" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics_and_government31" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Politics" title="Politics">Politics</a> and <a href="Government" title="Government">government</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">State</a></li>

<li><a href="Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li>

<li><a href="Empire" title="Empire">Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_government" title="Central government">Central government</a></li>

<li><a href="Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary state</a></li>

<li><a href="Federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government">Federal government</a></li>

<li><a href="National_unity_government" title="National unity government">National unity government</a></li>

<li><i>Levels:</i></li>

<li><a href="Local_government" title="Local government">Local government</a></li>

<li><a href="County_government" class="mw-redirect" title="County government">County government</a></li>

<li><a href="Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">Administrative division</a></li>

<li><a href="Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a></li>

<li><a href="Township" title="Township">Township</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Lists:</i></li>

<li><a href="List_of_forms_of_government" title="List of forms of government">Govt systems</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_system_of_government" title="List of countries by system of government">Countries by system</a></li>

<li><i>Systems:</i></li>

<li><a href="Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederation</a></li>

<li><a href="Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li>

<li><a href="Electocracy" title="Electocracy">Electocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Ergatocracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergatocracy">Ergatocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Geniocracy" title="Geniocracy">Geniocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Kleptocracy" title="Kleptocracy">Kleptocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_dictatorship" title="Military dictatorship">Military dictatorship</a></li>

<li><a href="Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li>

<li><a href="Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><i><a href="Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a>:</i></li>

<li><a href="Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary system</a></li>

<li><a href="Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">Presidential system</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cellular_democracy" title="Cellular democracy">Cellular </a></li>

<li><a href="Collaborative_e-democracy" title="Collaborative e-democracy">Collaborative</a></li>

<li><a href="Consensus_democracy" title="Consensus democracy">Consensus</a></li>

<li><a href="Conservative_democracy" title="Conservative democracy">Conservative</a></li>

<li><a href="Cosmopolitan_democracy" title="Cosmopolitan democracy">Cosmopolitan</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">Representative democracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li>

<li><a href="Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">Collectivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li>

<li><a href="Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li>

<li><a href="Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Extremism" title="Extremism">Extremism</a></li>

<li><a href="Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Fanaticism" title="Fanaticism">Fanaticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li>

<li><a href="Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li>

<li><a href="Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li>

<li><i>Theoreticians:</i></li>

<li><a href="John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Social_insurance" title="Social insurance">Social insurance</a></li>

<li><a href="Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a></li>

<li><a href="Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">Unemployment benefits</a></li>

<li><a href="National_healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="National healthcare">National healthcare</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">Public education</a></li>

<li><a href="Military" title="Military">Military</a></li>

<li><a href="Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a></li>

<li><i>Regulation:</i></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental regulation">Environmental regulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Banking_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking regulation">Banking regulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Food_inspection" class="mw-redirect" title="Food inspection">Food inspection</a></li>

<li><i>Municipal:</i></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_lights" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic lights">Traffic lights</a></li>

<li><a href="Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a></li>

<li><a href="Street_cleaning" class="mw-redirect" title="Street cleaning">Street cleaning</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Documents</i></li>

<li><a href="Constitution" title="Constitution">Constitution</a></li>

<li><a href="Charter" title="Charter">Charter</a></li>

<li><a href="Uncodified_constitution" title="Uncodified constitution">Uncodified constitution</a></li>

<li><i>Roles:</i></li>

<li><a href="Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li>

<li><a href="Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></li>

<li><a href="Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li>

<li><a href="President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a></li>

<li><a href="Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">Prime minister</a></li>

<li><i>Bodies:</i></li>

<li><a href="Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">Ministry</a></li>

<li><a href="Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></li>

<li><a href="Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></li>

<li><i>Legislative bodies</i></li>

<li><a href="Congress" title="Congress">Congress</a></li>

<li><a href="Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a></li>

<li><a href="Council" title="Council">Council</a></li>

<li><a href="House_of_Assembly" title="House of Assembly">Assembly</a></li>

<li><a href="Legislative_council" title="Legislative council">Legislative council</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance <br> processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Process:</i></li>

<li><a href="Hearing" title="Hearing">Hearing</a></li>

<li><a href="Committee" title="Committee">Committee</a></li>

<li><a href="Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li>

<li><i>Outcomes:</i></li>

<li><a href="Legislation" title="Legislation">Legislation</a></li>

<li><a href="Regulation" title="Regulation">Regulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li>

<li><a href="Precedent" title="Precedent">Precedent</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections">Elections</a>:</i></li>

<li><a href="Voting" title="Voting">Voting</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">Campaigns</a></li>

<li><i>Groups:</i></li>

<li><a href="Political_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties">Political parties</a></li>

<li><a href="Advocacy_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Advocacy groups">Advocacy groups</a></li>

<li><i>Issues:</i></li>

<li><a href="Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">Civil rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Fields of study</i></li>

<li><a href="Political_science" title="Political science">Political science</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li>

<li><a href="Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>Overviews:</i></li>

<li><a href="Political_history_of_the_world" title="Political history of the world">Political history of the world</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_political_thought" title="History of political thought">History of political thought</a></li>

<li><i>Reforms</i></li>

<li><a href="Suffrage" title="Suffrage">Suffrage</a></li>

<li><i>Documents:</i></li>

<li><a href="Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a></li>

<li><a href="U.S._Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy">Embassy</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty" title="Treaty">Treaty</a></li>

<li><a href="International_law" title="International law">International law</a></li>

<li><i>World:</i></li>

<li><a href="World_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="World Government">World government</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="World Court">World Court</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Human_history" title="Human history">Human history</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_philosophy" title="History of philosophy">History of philosophy</a></li>

<li><a href="Civilization" title="Civilization">Civilization</a></li>

<li><i>Templates:</i></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{</span>Political ideologies<span class="nowrap">}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{</span>Political culture<span class="nowrap">}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{</span>Political spectrum<span class="nowrap">}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{</span>Social and political philosophy<span class="nowrap">}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{</span>liberalism<span class="nowrap">}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{</span>Conservatism navbox<span class="nowrap">}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{</span>aspects of capitalism<span class="nowrap">}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{</span>Western culture<span class="nowrap">}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{</span>Autonomous types of first-tier administration<span class="nowrap">}}</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">{{</span>World government<span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Forms of government</li>

<li>Types of democracy</li>

<li>Political parties</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_types_of_government_ministers_and_ministries568" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Common_types_of_government_ministers_and_ministries568" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common types of government <a href="Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">ministers</a> and <a href="Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">ministries</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a></li>

<li><a href="Vice_president" title="Vice president">Vice president</a></li>

<li><a href="Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">Prime minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Deputy_prime_minister" title="Deputy prime minister">Deputy prime minister</a></li>

<li><a href="First_minister" title="First minister">First minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Deputy_First_Minister_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Deputy First Minister (disambiguation)">Deputy First Minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Premier" title="Premier">Premier</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_of_the_President_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Office of the President (disambiguation)">Office of the president</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabinet_department" title="Cabinet department">Cabinet department / Office of the prime minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker / President of the assembly</a></li>

<li><a href="Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Minister</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Secretary_of_state" title="Secretary of state">Secretary of state</a></li>

<li><a href="Minister_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of state">Minister of state</a></li>

<li><a href="Deputy_minister" title="Deputy minister">Deputy minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Undersecretary" title="Undersecretary">Undersecretary</a></li>

<li><a href="Parliamentary_secretary" title="Parliamentary secretary">Assistant minister/Parliamentary secretary</a></li>

<li><a href="Associate_Minister_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Associate Minister (disambiguation)">Associate Minister</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defence / <br> foreign affairs /<br>public safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ministry_of_defence" title="Ministry of defence">Ministry of defence</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_foreign_affairs" title="Ministry of foreign affairs">Ministry of foreign affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_minister" title="Immigration minister">Immigration minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Interior_minister" title="Interior minister">Interior minister</a>

<ul><li><a href="Interior_ministry" title="Interior ministry">Interior ministry</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="International_development_minister" title="International development minister">International development minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Minister_for_European_Affairs_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Minister for European Affairs (disambiguation)">Europe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economics/<br>infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Commerce_minister" title="Commerce minister">Commerce minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_the_economy" title="Ministry of the economy">Ministry of the economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_finance" title="Ministry of finance">Ministry of finance</a></li>

<li><a href="Minister_of_industry" title="Minister of industry">Minister of industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_Infrastructure_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ministry of Infrastructure (disambiguation)">Ministry of infrastructure</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_trade_and_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of trade and industry">Ministry of trade and industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of transport">Ministry of transport</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment / <br>natural resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Energy_minister" title="Energy minister">Energy minister</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ministry_of_energy" title="Ministry of energy">Ministry of energy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Environment_minister" title="Environment minister">Environment minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_electricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of electricity">Ministry of electricity</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_petroleum" title="Ministry of petroleum">Ministry of petroleum</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_water_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of water resources">Ministry of water resources</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Culture_minister" title="Culture minister">Culture minister</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ministry_of_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of culture">Ministry of culture</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Education_minister" title="Education minister">Education minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_education_and_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of education and culture">Ministry of education and culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Health_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Health minister">Health minister</a>

<ul><li><a href="Health_department" title="Health department">Ministry of health</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Information_minister" title="Information minister">Information minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Housing_minister" title="Housing minister">Housing minister</a>

<ul><li><a href="Housing_authority" title="Housing authority">Ministry of housing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_justice" title="Ministry of justice">Ministry of justice</a></li>

<li><a href="Minister_of_labour" title="Minister of labour">Minister of labour</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ministry_of_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of labour">Ministry of labour</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Regional_minister" title="Regional minister">Regional minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_sports" title="Ministry of sports">Ministry of sports</a></li>

<li><a href="Tourism_minister" title="Tourism minister">Tourism minister</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_home_affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of home affairs">Ministry of home affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_religious_affairs" title="Ministry of religious affairs">Ministry of religious affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_science" title="Ministry of science">Ministry of science</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_social_affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of social affairs">Ministry of social affairs</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of social security">Ministry of social security</a></li>

<li><a href="Minister_for_Veterans_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Minister for Veterans (disambiguation)">Minister for Veterans</a></li>

<li><a href="Ministry_of_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of women">Ministry of women</a>

<ul><li><a href="Minister_for_Women_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Minister for Women (disambiguation)">Minister for women</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Minister_without_portfolio" title="Minister without portfolio">Minister without portfolio</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Presidents</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_current_vice_presidents_and_designated_acting_presidents" title="List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents">Vice presidents</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Prime ministers</a></li>

<li><a href="Deputy_prime_minister#Lists_of_deputy_prime_ministers" title="Deputy prime minister">Deputy prime ministers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_current_presidents_of_legislatures" title="List of current presidents of legislatures">Presidents of assembly</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_agriculture_ministries" title="List of agriculture ministries">Agriculture ministries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_ministers_of_climate_change" title="List of ministers of climate change">Climate change ministers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_ministries_of_communications" title="List of ministries of communications">Communications ministries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_current_defence_ministers" title="List of current defence ministers">Defence ministers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_education_ministries" title="List of education ministries">Education ministries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_ministers_of_the_environment" title="List of ministers of the environment">Environment ministers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_environmental_ministries" title="List of environmental ministries">Environment ministries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_current_finance_ministers" title="List of current finance ministers">Finance ministers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_current_foreign_ministers" title="List of current foreign ministers">Foreign ministers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_forestry_ministries" title="List of forestry ministries">Forest ministries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_health_departments_and_ministries" title="List of health departments and ministries">Health ministries</a> (<a href="Minister_of_Mental_Health" title="Minister of Mental Health">mental health</a>)</li>

<li><a href="List_of_current_interior_ministers" title="List of current interior ministers">Interior ministers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_public_works_ministries" title="List of public works ministries">Public works ministries</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Government ministers by portfolio</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Ministries by portfolio</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_services418" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Public_services418" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Public_service" title="Public service">Public services</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Municipalization" title="Municipalization">Municipalization</a></li>

<li><a href="Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive tax</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Common_good" title="Common good">Common good</a></li>

<li><a href="Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free-culture movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_newspaper" title="Free newspaper">Free newspaper</a></li>

<li><a href="Product_sample" title="Product sample">Product sample</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_administration" title="Public administration">Public administration</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_bad" title="Public bad">Public bad</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_good_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public good (economics)">Public good (economics)</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_interest" title="Public interest">Public interest</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_land" title="Public land">Public land</a></li>

<li><a href="State_ownership" title="State ownership">Public ownership</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_policy" title="Public policy">Public policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_rights" title="Public rights">Public rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_sphere" title="Public sphere">Public sphere</a></li>

<li><a href="Government_procurement" title="Government procurement">Public procurement</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_trust" title="Public trust">Public trust</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_value" title="Public value">Public value</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_access_to_education" title="Universal access to education">Universal access to education</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_basic_services" title="Universal basic services">Universal basic services</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Civil_service" title="Civil service">Civil service</a></li>

<li><a href="Fire_department" title="Fire department">Fire department</a></li>

<li><a href="Housing_First" title="Housing First">Housing First</a></li>

<li><a href="Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a></li>

<li><a href="Mail" title="Mail">Postal service</a>

<ul><li><a href="Postal_savings_system" title="Postal savings system">Savings system</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public broadcasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_basic_services" title="Universal basic services">Universal basic services</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Public_utility" title="Public utility">Public utility</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electric_utility" title="Electric utility">Electric utility</a></li>

<li><a href="Postal%2C_telegraph_and_telephone_service" title="Postal, telegraph and telephone service">Telecommunication</a>

<ul><li><a href="Municipal_broadband" title="Municipal broadband">Municipal broadband</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Public_infrastructure" class="mw-redirect" title="Public infrastructure">Public infrastructure</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_water_system" title="Public water system">Public water system</a></li>

<li><a href="Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Public_works" title="Public works">Public works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Drinking_fountain" title="Drinking fountain">Drinking fountain</a></li>

<li><a href="Drug_checking" title="Drug checking">Drug checking</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_clinic" title="Free clinic">Free clinic</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_education" title="Free education">Free education</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></li>

<li><a href="Needle_and_syringe_programmes" title="Needle and syringe programmes">Needle and syringe programmes</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_bank" title="Public bank">Public bank</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_bookcase" title="Public bookcase">Public bookcase</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_computer" title="Public computer">Public computer</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_hospital" title="Public hospital">Public hospital</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_library" title="Public library">Public library</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_open_space" title="Public open space">Public open space</a></li>

<li><a href="State_school" title="State school">Public school</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_space" title="Public space">Public space</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_toilet" title="Public toilet">Public toilet</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_university" title="Public university">Public university</a></li>

<li><a href="Reagent_testing" title="Reagent testing">Reagent testing</a></li>

<li><a href="Supervised_injection_site" title="Supervised injection site">Supervised injection site</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_park" title="Urban park">Urban park</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Social_services" title="Social services">Social services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Publicly_funded_health_care" title="Publicly funded health care">Publicly funded health care</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_housing" title="Public housing">Public housing</a></li>

<li><a href="Job_creation" class="mw-redirect" title="Job creation">Job creation</a></li>

<li><a href="Job_guarantee" title="Job guarantee">Job guarantee</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-payer_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-payer health care">Single-payer health care</a>

<ul><li><a href="National_health_insurance" title="National health insurance">National health insurance</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Social_insurance" title="Social insurance">Social insurance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Social_pension" title="Social pension">Social pension</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">Social security</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Youth_services" title="Youth services">Youth services</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Commons" title="Commons">Commons</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_public_transport" title="Free public transport">Free public transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Government_auction" title="Government auction">Government auction</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_float" title="Public float">Public float</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_holiday" title="Public holiday">Public holiday</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_offering" title="Public offering">Public offering</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_sector" title="Public sector">Public sector</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_security" title="Public security">Public security</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_use" title="Public use">Public use</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_viewing_area" title="Public viewing area">Public viewing area</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Public_services" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Public services">Commons</a></b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_democracy499" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Social_democracy499" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="History_of_social_democracy" title="History of social democracy">History</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li>

<li><a href="Frankfurt_Declaration" title="Frankfurt Declaration">Frankfurt Declaration</a></li>

<li><a href="French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Godesberg_Program" title="Godesberg Program">Godesberg Program</a></li>

<li><a href="Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Internationalist%E2%80%93defencist_schism" title="Internationalist–defencist schism">Internationalist–defencist schism</a></li>

<li><a href="Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labor movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Orthodox_Marxism" title="Orthodox Marxism">Orthodox</a></li>

<li><a href="Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_democracy#Second_International_era_and_reform_or_revolution_dispute_(1889–1914)" title="Social democracy">Reformist–revolutionary dispute</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">Socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li>

<li><a href="Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare capitalism</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Rose_(symbolism)" title="Rose (symbolism)"></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li>

<li><a href="Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial</a></li>

<li><a href="Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">Representative</a></li>

<li><a href="Democracy_in_Marxism" title="Democracy in Marxism">Marxist</a></li></ul></li>